Siemens' cooperation with Tsinghua University can be dated back to early 1990's and was further extended to research projects in the areas of energy, industry and healthcare.
西门子与清华大学的合作最早可追溯到上世纪90年代早期，并且在能源、工业及医疗等领域进一步加强了研究项目。
The inside spillover effect of industry-university-research institution cooperation is insignificant or even significantly negative in both short and long terms.
产学研合作内溢效应在短期和长期中不显著甚至显著为负。
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